Interleukin-11: Research and Its Role in Aging

In the vast world of proteins that play crucial roles in our body, interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a fascinating one that has recently gained attention for its potential impacts on aging and longevity.

But what exactly is interleukin-11, and how does it influence our health as we age? Let's explore some key research research findings around its therapeutic potential, recent clinical developments and an interesting evolutionary perspective insight.  

What is Interleukin-11?

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a type of protein known as a cytokine. Cytokines are small proteins that are vital in cell signaling, helping cells communicate with each other. IL-11 is produced by a variety of cells, including fibroblasts (cells that produce connective tissue) and some types of immune cells.

Interleukin-11 and Aging

Recent studies have shown that IL-11's role extends beyond immune response and tissue repair. Researchers at Duke-NUS Medical School discovered that increased production of IL-11 is linked to several aging processes. These include fat accumulation in the liver and abdomen, reduced muscle mass, and strength, which are common signs of aging. The study demonstrated that inhibiting IL-11 could significantly reduce these hallmarks of aging, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for extending healthy lifespan​ (New Atlas)​.

Therapeutic Potential

The potential of IL-11 inhibition in anti-aging therapy is promising. In preclinical models, such as mice, deletion of the IL-11 gene or administration of anti-IL-11 therapeutics resulted in a notable extension of lifespan and improved markers of healthspan, including better metabolism, muscle mass retention, and reduced incidence of multimorbidity and cardiometabolic diseases​ (New Atlas)​. These findings underscore the therapeutic promise of targeting IL-11 in age-related diseases and overall longevity.

Clinical Developments

Lassen Therapeutics is pioneering clinical trials for a first-in-class IL-11 receptor-blocking antibody known as LASN01. This therapy aims to mitigate fibrosis, a condition where excessive connective tissue develops in organs, leading to dysfunction. Initial trials have shown that inhibiting IL-11 signaling can reduce fibrosis in the lungs and skin, which may have broader implications for treating age-related fibrotic diseases​ (Lassen)​.

Evolutionary Perspective

IL-11 also has an intriguing evolutionary role in tissue regeneration, as observed in species capable of limb regeneration, like the axolotl and certain fish. These species upregulate IL-11 following injury, promoting the formation of a regenerative blastema. However, in mammals, this regenerative process does not occur, leading to IL-11-induced fibrosis and inflammation instead of tissue regeneration​ (SpringerLink)​.

Conclusion

Understanding IL-11's dual role in tissue repair and pathological fibrosis offers new avenues for therapeutic intervention in aging and longevity. By targeting IL-11, scientists aim to develop treatments that not only extend lifespan but also improve the quality of life by reducing age-related diseases and frailty.

The ongoing research and clinical trials underscore the importance of IL-11 in aging biology. As we continue to uncover the complexities of IL-11's function, we move closer to innovative therapies that could transform how we approach aging and age-related diseases, ultimately supporting healthier, longer lives.